Izindinganiso zekhwalithi:
Izinga lesithako:
Ukuphepha: Ukusetshenziswa kwezithako eziyingozi kufanele kuncishiswe kakhulu, njengezinsimbi ezisindayo (umthofu, i-mercury, i-arsenic, njll.), okuqukethwe kwezithako zamakhemikhali eziyingozi (njengezinye ezingaba umdlavuza, izinongo ezibangela ukuzwela, izithako zokugcina, njll.) kumele kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezifanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke kubangele ingozi empilweni yabantu.
Ikhwalithi yezithako: Ikhwalithi ephezuluamapensela amashiyangokuvamile zisebenzisa amafutha asezingeni eliphezulu, ama-wax, ama-pigment nezinye izithasiselo. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kobumsulwa obuphezulu, ukuzinza okuhle kwama-pigment ukuqinisekisa ubumsulwa nokuqina kombala, kanye nokukhethwa kwamafutha emvelo nama-wax athambile esikhumbeni futhi akulula ukubangela ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba.
Izinga lokusebenza:
Ukuqina kombala: OkuhleishiyaUmbala wepensela kufanele uzinzile, futhi akulula ukuwufiphaza, ushintshe umbala, futhi uphele amandla ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa noma esikhathini esifushane, okungagcina ukuhambisana nokuqina kombala wamashiya.
Umbala olula kanye nokugcwala kombala: Ipensela yamashiya kufanele ikwazi ukufaka umbala kalula kumashiya, futhi ukugcwala kombala kuphezulu, futhi ipeni lingabonisa umbala ocacile, ogcwele, asikho isidingo sokulifaka ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Ukuqina: Ihlala isikhathi eside, ingagcina ubuqotho bezimonyo zebunzi emisebenzini yansuku zonke, futhi akulula ukuyiwa noma ukuyikhipha ngenxa yokujuluka, ukukhishwa kwamafutha noma ukungqubuzana, futhi ngokuvamile idinga ukuthi igcinwe amahora amaningana noma ngaphezulu.
Ikhwalithi yokugcwalisa ipensela: Ukugcwalisa ipensela kufanele kube nokuthungwa okuhle futhi kube nobunzima obuphakathi, okulula ukudweba imigqa emincane yamashiya, kodwa akulula ukuphula noma kube mnene kakhulu ukubangela ukuguquka futhi akulula ukulawula; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugcwalisa ipensela kufanele kuhlanganiswe eduze nesiphathi sepeni, futhi ngeke kube nokukhululeka.
Izindinganiso zokupakisha nokumaka:
Ubuqotho bokupakisha: Iphakheji kufanele iphelele futhi ivalwe kahle, okungavikela ipensela yamashiya ethonyeni lemvelo yangaphandle, njengokuvimbela ukugcwalisa kabusha ekomeni nasekungcoleni; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwakheka kwephakheji kufanele kube lula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyithwala, njengokuthi isembozo sepeni singambozwa kahle futhi kungabi lula ukuwa.
Ukuhlonza okucacile: ukupakishwa komkhiqizo kufanele kuphawulwe ngokucacile ngegama lomkhiqizo, igama lomkhiqizo, izithako, isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi, usuku lokukhiqiza, inombolo yeqoqo lokukhiqiza, indlela yokusebenzisa, izinyathelo zokuphepha kanye nolunye ulwazi, ukuze abathengi baqonde isimo esiyisisekelo somkhiqizo kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwendlela, kodwa futhi nokwenza kube lula ukuqapha nokuphatha iziphathimandla ezilawulayo.
Ngokuphathelene nokutholwa:
Izinto zokuhlola:
Ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka: Ngezindlela zokuhlaziya amakhemikhali zobungcweti, izinhlobo nokuqukethwe kwezithako ezahlukahlukene epenseleni yamashiya kuyatholwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokwakheka futhi azinazo izinto eziyingozi noma izithako ezingeziwe ezingekho emthethweni.
Ukutholwa kwensimbi esindayo: Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi nezindlela ezithile, njenge-atomic absorption spectrometry, i-inductively combined plasma mass spectrometry, njll., ukunquma ngokunembile okuqukethwe yi-lead, i-mercury, i-cadmium, i-chromium nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo, ukunquma ukuthi idlula yini umkhawulo wokuphepha.
Ukuhlolwa kwamagciwane: Hlola ukuthi kukhona yini ukungcola kwamagciwane, isikhunta, imvubelo kanye nokunye ukungcola kwamagciwane epenseleni yamashiya ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka kwesikhumba okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwamapensele amashiya angcolile amagciwane. Ngokuvamile, kuzotholakala inani eliphelele lamakholoni, i-coliform, i-staphylococcus aureus, i-pseudomonas aeruginosa nezinye izinkomba.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza: kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokuqina kombala, ukuhlolwa kombala okulula, ukuhlolwa kokuqina, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwesisekelo sepensela, njll., ngokulingisa ukusetshenziswa kwangempela noma ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezithile zokuhlola ukuhlola ukuthi ukusebenza kwepensela yamashiya kuyahlangabezana yini nezinga lekhwalithi.
Inqubo yokuhlola:
Ukuqoqwa kwamasampula: Inani elithile lamasampula epensela lamashiya likhethwa ngokungahleliwe emgqeni wokukhiqiza noma emakethe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasampula amele.
Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu: Amasampula athunyelwa emalabhorethri okuhlola ochwepheshe ukuze kuhlaziywe futhi kuhlolwe izinto ezahlukene zokuhlola ngokwezindinganiso ezifanele kanye nezindlela zokuhlola.
Ukunqunywa kwemiphumela: Ngokwemininingwane yokuhlolwa, uma kuqhathaniswa nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ezimisiwe, nquma ukuthi isampula iyafaneleka yini. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ihlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile, ikhwalithi yepensela yamashiya ibhekwa njengefanelekile; Uma inkomba eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ingahlangabezani nezindinganiso, ibhekwa njengomkhiqizo ongahambisani nezindinganiso.
Ukwenziwa kwemibiko: Ngemva kokuphothulwa kokuhlolwa, isikhungo sokuhlola sizokhipha umbiko wokuhlolwa onemininingwane, siqophe izinto zokuhlolwa, izindlela zokuhlola, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye nolunye ulwazi, bese sinikeza isiphetho esicacile sokwahlulela.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa:
Vikela amalungelo nezintshisekelo zabathengi: Ngokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, singaqinisekisa ukuthi ipensela yamashiya esetshenziswa ngabathengi iphephile futhi iyasebenza, sigweme ukungezwani nesikhumba, izifo noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo ezibangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwamapensela amashiya aphansi, futhi sivikele impilo kanye namalungelo nezintshisekelo ezisemthethweni zabathengi.
Gcina ukuhleleka kwemakethe: amazinga ekhwalithi kanye nokuhlolwa kungenza imakethe yamapensela amashiya ibe sezingeni elifanayo futhi ihlolwe, kuqedwe leyo mikhiqizo namabhizinisi angafaneleki futhi angaphansi kwezinga elifanele, kuvinjelwe imikhiqizo mbumbulu nengafanele ukuthi igcwale emakethe, kugcinwe indawo yemakethe yokuncintisana okufanele, futhi kukhuthazwe intuthuko enempilo yemboni yamapensela amashiya.
Khuthaza intuthuko yamabhizinisi: Kumabhizinisi, ukulandela amazinga ekhwalithi kanye nokupasa ukuhlolwa okuqinile kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nedumela lomkhiqizo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana emakethe; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhuthaza amabhizinisi ukuthi athuthukise njalo izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nobuchwepheshe, athuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuphepha, futhi akhuthaze intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha embonini yonke.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-07-2025
