Emigwaqweni ephithizelayo yaseShanghai, uLin Xiao, isazi sezobuhle, usanda kwabelana ngendaba yakhe yokuguqulwa kokunakekelwa kwesikhumba ezinkundleni zokuxhumana: “Ngemuva kokulwa nesikhumba esibucayi iminyaka eminingi, isikoisihlanzi sobusokushintshe konke. Ekugcineni ubuso bami buzizwa busha futhi bukhululekile njalo ekuseni!” Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwasakazeka ngokushesha, kwaqala ingxoxo ebanzi mayelana nomkhuba okhulayo wemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba eyenziwe ngokwezifiso. Namuhla, sembula indaba ngemuva kwalolu guquko lokunakekelwa kwesikhumba nokuthi kungani abantu abaningi bebuza: Kungani ungazami isihlanzi sethu esenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze uthole ubuso obusha? Umlingo wezihlanzi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso usekuqondeni kwazo ngokwezifiso. Ngokungafani nemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ngobuningi, ifomula ngayinye iqala ngokuhlaziywa kwesikhumba okuningiliziwe. “Sicabangela izici ezifana nohlobo lwesikhumba, indlela yokuphila, kanye nethonya lemvelo,” kuchaza uDkt. Li Na, inhloko yethimba le-R&D. “Umfundi eBeijing angadinga izithako zokulawula uwoyela zokungcola kwasemadolobheni, kanti uthisha eChengdu angadinga izinto zokuthambisa isimo sezulu esomile.”
Le filosofi yomuntu siqu isanda kusiza uSarah Johnson, umMelika waseMelika eGuangzhou, ukuxazulula izinkinga zakhe zokunakekelwa kwesikhumba. “Ngazama izinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo ezidumile kodwa njalo ngagcina nginesifo sesikhumba esiqinile nesicasukile,” uyakhumbula. Ngemva kokubonisana nochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwesikhumba efektri, wathola umshini wokuhlanza owenziwe ngokwezifiso one-
izithasiselo zezitshalo ezithambile"Phakathi namasonto amabili, ubuso bami bazizwa buqabulekile ngaphandle kokungakhululeki. Kungani ngingazamanga ukwenza ngokwezifiso ngaphambili?"
Ngemuva kwayo yonke imishini yokuhlanza eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ephumelelayo kunenqubo yokukhiqiza enzima. Ifektri ithola izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingaphezu kuka-300 kubaphakeli abaphezulu emhlabeni jikelele, ihlola ukuphepha okungu-17. “Siyenqaba u-12% wezinto zokusetshenziswa minyaka yonke ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi,” kusho umphathi wokulawula ikhwalithi uWang Hong. Umugqa wokukhiqiza ozenzakalelayo usebenza ngokunemba, kuyilapho iqembu ngalinye lihlolwa ngamagciwane kanye ne-pH ngaphambi kokuphuma efektri.
Insizakalo yangokwezifiso ayigcini nje ekwakhiweni. Amakhasimende angakhetha kusuka kumiklamo yokupakisha engaphezu kuka-200, kusukela emabhodleleni engilazi amancane kuya kumashubhu ephepha anobungani nemvelo. “Amabhizinisi amancane ayakuthanda lokhu kuguquguquka,” kuphawula umqondisi wezokuthengisa uChen Jia. “Umkhiqizo omusha eHangzhou wethule umshini wawo wokuhlanza oyingqayizivele ngosizo lwethu, wathengisa amayunithi ayi-10,000 ngenyanga yokuqala.”
Umthwalo wemfanelo wezemvelo ubalulekile emsebenzini wefektri. Amaphaneli elanga amboza uphahla, anciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngo-30%, kuyilapho u-80% wokupakisha usebenzisa izinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha. “Ubuhle akufanele bube yizindleko zeplanethi,” kugcizelela i-CEO uZhao Ming. Lokhu kuzibophezela kubatholele ubudlelwano nemikhiqizo engu-12 eqaphela imvelo kulo nyaka.
Izindaba zempumelelo zefektri zidlulela ngale kwamakhasimende ngamanye. Uchungechunge lwezimonyo eSingapore lubike ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-40 kwamakhasimende aphindaphindayo ngemuva kokwethula izihlanzi zethu ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. “Amakhasimende ayakwazisa ukuthinta okwenziwe ngokwezifiso,” kusho umphathi wabo wokuthenga. “Akuyona nje into yokuhlanza;
ikhambi lokunakekela isikhumbaeyenzelwe bona.”
Idatha yemakethe yakamuva ikhombisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ibone ukukhula okungu-67% eShayina ngonyaka odlule, kanti izihlanzi zobuso zihola lo mkhuba. Abahlaziyi bemboni bathi lokhu kwanda kubangelwa ukwanda kokuqwashisa kwabathengi ngomehluko wesikhumba somuntu ngamunye. “Imikhiqizo efanelana nosayizi owodwa isiba yinto yesikhathi esidlule,” kuchaza uchwepheshe wemboni yobuhle uWu Qian. “Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ibhekana nezinkinga ezithile, iletha imiphumela engcono.”
Kulabo abazibuza ukuthi inqubo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso isebenza kanjani, ilula ngokumangalisayo. Amakhasimende aqeda ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okuningiliziwe, axhumane ne-formulator, bese ethola isampula zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7. “Sinikeza ukulungiswa okungenamkhawulo kuze kube yilapho sekuphelele,” kusho umphathi wesevisi yamakhasimende uLiu Fang. “Umgomo wethu ukudala isihlanzi esikwenza ujabule ukugeza ubuso bakho njalo ekuseni.”
Njengoba abantu abaningi bethola izinzuzo zokunakekelwa kwesikhumba okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, umbuzo usalokhu ukhona: Kungani ungazami isihlanzi sethu esenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze uthole ubuso obusha? KuLin Xiao kanye nezinkulungwane zabanye, impendulo icacile esikhumbeni sabo esikhanyayo nesinempilo. Ezweni lemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ngobuningi, ngezinye izikhathi imfihlo yobuhle engcono kakhulu yenzelwe wena.
